Preheat your oven to 350°F (175°C) and line an 8 x 8 or 9 x 9 pan with foil or parchment paper.
In a small saucepan over low heat, add the unwrapped caramel squares and heavy cream. Stir frequently until the mixture is completely smooth, then set aside.
In a separate bowl, mix together the melted butter, brown sugar, flour, oats, and baking soda until well combined.
Pat half of the oatmeal mixture evenly into the bottom of the prepared pan. Bake for 10 minutes.
Remove the pan from the oven and sprinkle the chocolate chips over the crust. Then, pour the melted caramel mixture over the chocolate chips.
Crumble the remaining oatmeal mixture over the top of the caramel layer. Return the pan to the oven and bake for an additional 15-20 minutes, or until the edges are lightly browned.
Remove from the oven and let the carmelitas cool completely before slicing and serving.